Energy efficiency in electric power generation
The electric power generation sector is one of the largest consumers of primary energy worldwide, facing increasing challenges to optimize performance, reduce emissions, and improve operational efficiency. In conventional thermal plants, average efficiency ranges from 35% to 40%, while in combined cycle plants it can reach between 50% and 60%, making the optimization of these systems one of the greatest opportunities to reduce fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions.
The main efficiency opportunities focus on optimizing heat recovery steam generators (HRSG), improving steam and gas turbines, recovering waste heat, and digitalizing operational and energy data for real-time monitoring, predictive control, and operational decision-making.
In large-scale cogeneration plants, where electricity and steam or hot water for industrial processes or urban networks are generated simultaneously, overall efficiencies exceeding 70% are achieved, depending on thermal utilization.
Optimizing the ratio of electrical to thermal production, reducing losses in distribution systems, and adjusting operation to actual demand are key factors to maximize the efficiency and profitability of these schemes.
Additionally, there are opportunities in automating combustion control systems, incorporating variable speed drives in auxiliary pumps and fans, and recovering heat from exhaust gases to preheat combustion air or feedwater.
The digitalization of power generation plants enables the consolidation of critical information, anticipation of deviations, and planning of predictive maintenance, thereby improving operational reliability, reducing unplanned downtime, and optimizing operational costs.
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